汉武帝听信了方士所说，黄帝是骑上龙背升天的，汉武帝非常渴望自己也能像黄帝一样乘龙升天。便任命公孙卿为郎官，派他东去太室山等候神仙，并给公孙卿很多钱财，但神仙却一直也没有来，这使汉武帝很恼火。
公孙卿又在河南等候神仙，说是在缑氏城上看到了仙人的脚印，还有一个像山鸡一样的神仙，在城上来回走动。汉武帝亲自到缑氏城查看脚印。觉得不是神仙的遗物，便问公孙卿说：你该不是要效法文成将军、五利将军吧？
文成将军和五利将军，是两个方士，汉武帝封他们为将军，后来却因为欺骗汉武帝，被汉武帝给杀了。汉武帝重提文成将军和五利将军，是告诫公孙卿不要欺骗自己。否则就是死路一条。
公孙卿说：仙人并非有求于皇帝，而是皇帝有求于仙人。求仙的方法，如果不是稍微宽限些时日，神仙是不会来的。谈起求神这种事，好像是迂腐荒诞的，其实只要积年累月，就可以招来神仙。
汉武帝还是再一次相信了方士，各郡各国都开始整修道路，修缮宫殿、观台以及名山大川的祠庙，仍任命公孙卿为郎官，继续在名山大川等待神仙，以期待皇帝驾临。
就在这一年，汉朝灭了南越国。皇帝有个宠臣叫李延年，他以优美的音乐来觐见皇帝，汉武帝认为这件事情很好，就把这件事交给百官来讨论说：民间祭祀还有鼓、舞和音乐。而我们举行的郊祀却没有音乐，这太不合适了，应该改进。
百官们说：古时候祭祀天地都有音乐，而天地神灵才可能享受祭祀。
又有大臣说：泰帝让女神素女奏五十弦的瑟，由于声音悲切，泰帝承受不住，所以把女神素女的瑟改成了二十五弦。
经过百官讨论，决定祭祀天地重新开始使用音乐歌舞。所以汉朝平定南越而酬祭泰一、后土神时，开始采用了音乐歌舞，增加了歌舞乐队的规模。制作二十五根弦的瑟和箜篌，就是从这时开始的。
来年冬天，汉武帝提议说：古代的帝王先要振兵止武，然后才进行封禅。
汉武帝为封禅前做准备工作，率兵十万，北上巡视朔方郡，回来时在桥山祭祀了黄帝的陵墓，在须如撤离了军队。汉武帝问：我听说黄帝没有死，而是乘龙升天了。现在这里却有陵墓是怎么回事？
有个大臣回答说：黄帝成仙上天后，群臣把他的衣帽埋葬在这里，所以有陵墓。
汉武帝回到甘泉宫，为了要到泰山举行封禅，就用祭祀天的仪式，祭祀了泰一神。封禅泰山的准备工作结束了。
自从得了宝鼎，汉武帝就跟公卿大臣及众儒生商议起封禅的事了。由于封禅大典很少举行，时间隔久了，已经失传，没有人了解它的礼仪，众儒生主张采用《尚书》《周官》《王制》中记载的天子射牛、望祀仪式来进行。
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